A PCB from PCB design To manufacturing process

what is PCB design?

Accoring to your request to use software to create component and routing connection on ciruit board and make out gerber file and Bom. They would be using in PCB board manufacturing.

PCB Design Guide

Analyzing electrical parameters

Understanding the electrical parameters of a system is very important before starting a PCB design. This will allow you to make informed decisions when it comes to designing the PCBs. Some of the most common electrical parameters that you should consider include the Shielding considerations, Impedance characteristics, Capacitance limitations, Signal types, Voltages, Current maximums, connectors location, components location, connectors Type, components Type, Detailed net wire schematic.

Creating schematic

One of the first steps in creating a PCB design is to create a functional and electrical diagram. This diagram should represent the design of the board’s electrical components.

Create PCB layout

A good PCB provider will work with a principal engineer to create a design that will work seamlessly with your device. They will use a software platform such as Altium, Mentor, or Allegro to visualize the details of your board. After you have created your design, a mechanical engineer will then load it and determine how it will fit into the device.

PCB stackup

Before a printed circuit board (PCB) is designed, it is important to consider the stackup. This is because, in terms of its electrical properties, the stackup can affect the design and fit of the board.

design rules

The design process for a printed circuit board (PCB) is largely dictated by the standards set by the International Panel of Certified Manufacturers (IPC). These standards provide a set of guidelines that can help you avoid major delays and improve the quality of your product.

Place components

In most cases, the customer and the PCB provider will talk about the design and layout guidelines for the placement of components. For instance, certain components may not be placed near other devices due to the electrical noise they create.

drill holes

The connection between the components and the drill hole is the most important step in the design process. About half of the flex circuits that are commonly used are double-sided. This means that they have connection to the bottom layer.

Routing traces

After you have placed the drilled holes and components, you can start to route the traces. This process involves connecting the various sections of the path.

Add identifiers

When creating a layout, it’s important to add various labels, markers, and markings to help identify the components that will go on the board. These are also helpful in showing where the parts will go.

Generate layout files

The final step in the layout process is the creation of the files that contain all the information that you need to create a printed circuit board. These files are then used to prepare the board for assembly and fabrication.

PCB Manufacturing process

Printing inner layers

The substrate, usually a combination of epoxy and copper, is usually taken, cleaned, and dried. The copper is pre-bonded to both sides of the substrate, which makes it very clean. This is the most important factor that can be considered when it comes to preventing short circuit errors. After the copper layer is prepared, a film is placed over it and aligned using pin positions.

After UV treatment, the film will not allow light to penetrate the dark areas. This prevents the light from penetrating the areas below the film. On the other hand, the areas that are used for copper wiring are hardened.

Etching unwanted copper

After washing the panel, it is treated with an alkali solution to remove the unhardened copper material. The request part of the copper is then protected from the effects of the photoresist.

The photoresist that’s over the copper layer is removed. This makes the required copper layer completely intact.

Punching

The various layers are punched and aligned to create registration holes in the paper. This will help align the outer layers and inner layers.

AOI (Automated optical inspection)

Due to the complexity of the inner layers of a panel, it is impossible to identify errors immediately after it has been laminated. This is why an automatic inspection is performed before the lamination process begins.

Layer laminating

The various layers of a printed circuit board (PCB) are bonded together using an aluminum press plate. For instance, in multi-layer PCBs, additional copper foils are pressed over the original layers, while insulating layers are placed in between. These are then laminated together to form the final shape.

Drilling

Drilling a hole is for placing the electronic components of a printed circuit board (PCB) into the holes. These holes are usually drilled with a diameter of around 100 to 150 microns. The key to achieving precision is by using a laser or X-Y coordinate system.

Copper Platting

After drilling, a fresh layer of copper is then applied to the panels. This process bonds the panels and covers the non-conductive materials that were left behind after the drilling. A chemical process is then used to apply a layer of copper to the holes.

Outer layer etching

The photoresist material is applied to the outer copper layer and then it is imaged. Tin guard covering is then provided to protect the copper area. The other unwanted copper is then taken out and the connections are established.

Applying Solder Mask

After the board has been cleaned, the solder mask is applied. This protective material helps prevent the board from corrosion and copper oxidation. An Expoxy is then applied along with the mask to give the board a green color. The unwanted mask is then removed by exposing to UV light.

surface finish

The surface of the PCB is then treated with a gold, silver, or lead-free solder finishing. This ensures that the components are able to be properly protected.

Silkscreen

The process of profiling or silk-screening a printed circuit board (PCB) involves printing all of the necessary information about the device, such as its manufacturer, component numbers, and debugging points. This is useful while repairs are being conducted.

Electrical test

A functional electrical test is performed using a probe tester. It involves conducting open and short circuit tests to ensure that the system operates properly. After the functional test, durability testing is also carried out.

Cutting

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a part of a manufactured panel. It is cut out using the exact dimensions and shapes specified by the customer. V-cuts are also made along the sides of the board to allow it to easily pop out from the panel.

Final inspection

The PCBs are subjected to a final inspection and quality assurance before they are sent to the customer. They are then vacuum sealed and have air pockets to prevent any physical damage.

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